What are the specific complications associated with a glossopharyngeal block?

The choice that identifies hematoma, nerve damage, and accidental carotid artery injection accurately outlines the specific complications associated with a glossopharyngeal block. This type of nerve block is performed to anesthetize the glossopharyngeal nerve, and although it can be effective for procedures involving the oropharynx, certain risks are inherently associated with the technique.

Hematoma can occur as a result of puncturing blood vessels during the injection, leading to localized bleeding and swelling. Nerve damage, while a relatively rare complication, can happen if the needle inadvertently injures surrounding structures, potentially resulting in symptoms such as pain, loss of sensation, or motor control in the areas supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Accidental carotid artery injection is particularly concerning as the glossopharyngeal nerve is situated near major vascular structures in the neck. If the needle accidentally punctures or injects local anesthetic into the carotid artery, it can lead to serious complications, including vascular occlusion or systemic toxicity due to the rapid entry of anesthetic into the circulatory system.

The other options do not fully encompass the specific complications related to this procedure. Minor discomfort is common with many injections but does not reflect the more serious risks